Cheng Hongyan，Du Jiahui & Li Wei

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, No.1,2023

Educational reform cannot be merely carried out within the educational system by separating from social support. Embedded in social reform，educational reform does not separate from social reform in social reality；instead，they are an organic whole，where they contain each other，serve as a medium of each other，and interact with each other. Social trust，social cooperation，and social participation，which act as social elements affecting educational reform，center on social cooperation，and jointly provide a social basis for educational reform from psychology to action，and from action to systemization. Social trust affects the costs and shared responsibilities of educational reform；the lack of social trust restricts educational reform，resulting in internal frictions between the "paradox of fairness" in the design of the educational reform system and diversified participants in educational reform；social cooperation promotes the integration of such elements as technology and costs in educational reform，and provides educational reform with a spontaneous mechanism for grassroots innovation；cross-border cooperation offers new possibilities to address educational "shortcomings" and "blind spots"；and social participation opens up channels for the settlement of educational problems from individual perceptions to national policies through social actions，and helps to promote the innovation of the educational system through consultation mechanisms. Rebuilding social trust，encouraging social cooperation and expanding social participation can help consolidate the social foundation of educational reform.

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